Temperature [˚C]

Gibbs free enthalpy [kcal]

MnCO3 = MnO + CO2

2MnO + O2 = 2MnO2

6MnO + O2 = 2Mn3O4

4MnO + O2 = 2Mn2O3

0

13.603

−50.195

−94.669

−75.573

100

9.596

−44.965

−89.113

−70.264

200

5.619

−39.729

−83.533

−64.965

300

1.688

−34.522

−77.965

−59.669

400

−2.195

−29.351

−72.425

−54.392

500

−6.029

−24.214

−66.922

−49.144

600

−9.815

−19.105

−61.462

−43.937

700

−13.552

−14.014

−56.051

−38.777

800

−17.240

−8.932

−50.691

−33.673

900

−20.879

−3.848

−45.387

−28.629

1000

−24.468

1.250

−40.141

−23.65

Temperature [˚C]

Gibbs free enthalpy [kcal]

Mn3O4 + O2 = 3MnO2

2Mn2O3 + O2 = 4MnO2

MgCO3 = MgO + CO2

CaCO3 = CaO + CO2

0

−27.958

−24.817

12.649

32.13

100

−22.891

−19.665

8.457

28.313

200

−17.827

−14.493

4.293

24.543

300

−12.801

−9.375

0.172

20.824

400

−7.815

−4.311

−3.9

17.156

500

−2.861

0.715

−7.914

13.537

600

2.073

5.727

−11.866

9.965

700

7.004

10.749

−15.751

6.44

800

11.947

15.808

−19.563

2.96

900

16.922

20.932

−23.299

−0.475

1000

21.945

26.150

−26.842

−3.864