| Characteristic | Description | Fragility | Vulnerability to Degradation |
| Climatic Conditions | Semi-arid zone with average annual rainfall of 500 to 1000 mm, short rainy season, and long dry season | Climatic conditions favor wind and water erosion | Wind and water erosion are the main causes of soil degradation in the region |
| Soil Types | Generally shallow, leached, sandy soils rich in clay and iron, sensitive to acidification | Shallow soils make them vulnerable to erosion | Shallow soils. acidification. and erosion sensitivity are factors making soils vulnerable to degradation |
| Agricultural Practices | Traditional, often unsustainable farming practices, including shifting cultivation, overgrazing, and deforestation | Unsustainable farming practices contribute to soil degradation | Unsustainable farming practices contribute to soil degradation by reducing soil organic matter content. increasing soil compaction. and promoting erosion |