7	Joska JA, Andersen L, Rabie S, Marais A, Ndwandwa ES, Wilson P, King A and Sikkema KJ (2020) COVID-19: Increased Risk to the Mental Health and Safety of Women Living with HIV in South Africa	South Africa study. South Africa and USA based authors	Notes from the field	Aids and Behaviour Mental Health and HIV and COVID-19	Women with HIV have a high prevalence rate of IPV. Movement restrictions imposed within the context of COVID-19 may rekindle trauma related to restrictions applied to specific communities during Apartheid in South Africa. Telepsychiatry is not an option for people in poverty.
8	Marques ES, Moraes CLD, Hasselmann MH, Deslandes, SF and Reichenheim ME (2020) Violence against women, children, and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Overview, contributing factors, and mitigating measures.	Brazil study. Brazil based authors	Literature review	Public health	Constant around-the-clock contact, especially in low-income families living in housing with few rooms and overcrowding, decreases the possibilities for survivors to ask for help. Longer time in contact with the aggressor leads to reduction of the support network (both informal and formal). Women’s vulnerability is increased for the following reasons: individual (perpetrator’s stress, increased alcohol consumption, loss of source of income), relational (more time with perpetrator, less access to support network) and community (less access to services and institutions) level factors.
9	Mazza M, Marano G, Lai C, JaniriL and Sani G (2020) Danger in danger: Interpersonal violence during COVID-19 quarantine	Italy study. Italy based authors	Short communication	Psychiatry	Perpetrators’ aggression rises due to the feelings of frustration and agitation. Individual risk factors discussed with an emphasis placed on mental health disorders, stress and substance abuse. Relation of domestic violence to psychiatric disorders.
10	Ragavan MI, Culyba AJ, Muhammad FL and Miller E (2020) Supporting adolescents and young adults exposed to or experiencing violence during the COVID-19 pandemic	USA study. USA based authors	Literature based article	Adolescent health	Adolescents’ increased reliance on technology creates opportunities for abuse, where abusive partners control, stalk, or discredit their partners through texts, social media, or mobile applications. Not all adolescents have access to stable sources of internet, data access, and phone and computer equipment. Mental health care professionals need to advocate access to free or low-cost technology.
11	Usher K, Bhullar N, Durkin J, Gyamfi N and Jackson D (2020) Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support	Australia study. Australia based authors	Literature based article	General IPV	Depletion of existing support networks through lockdown measures. Provision of emergency warning systems in pharmacies and grocery stores in France so that people can indicate that they are in danger and need support. COVID-19 is used as a coercive control mechanism. Perpetrators increase their control through the use of containment, fear, and threat of contagion. Examples from charities in Australia include the use misinformation by perpetrators related to the extent of quarantine measures.