(1) OLS

(2) TRE

(3) TFE

(4) TVD

(5) TI

Constant

9.655*** (8.271)

---

12.027***

(−10.289)

17.995***

(4.48)

17.763***

(4.327)

Ln (GDPD*GDPF)

0.884***

(32.847)

0.605*** (−22.264)

0.683*** (−44.846)

0.997***

(15.405)

0.715***

(28.163)

Ln (POPD*POPF)

0.935*** (33.164)

1.023*** (−6.134)

0.724*** (−22.932)

0.824***

(12.653)

0.407***

(3.918)

LnDIS

−0.753*** (−8.007)

−0.559** (−2.050)

−0.818*** (−8.787)

−0.437**

(−2.111)

−0.911***

(−3.137)

Lnrelation

0.490*** (6.972)

0.765*** (−4.43)

0.185** (−2.444)

1.463***

(6.812)

0.786***

(5.543)

$\eta$

---

---

---

0.023***

(0.003)

---

$\lambda$

---

1.656***

(45.25)

1.722 ***

(44.01)

---

---

${\sigma }_{\mu }$

1.090

0.368***

(15.21)

0.370***

(14.30)

0.752

2.231

${\sigma }_{\nu }$

0.705

0.222***

(13.41)

0.2148***

(12.46)

0.140

0.186

$\gamma$

---

---

---

0.843***

0.923***

Observations

768

768

768

768

768

Log likelihood

−1054.595

−484.055

−361.881

−443.375

−554.498