| 2001 sample (n = 5050) | 2011 sample (n = 3875) | ||
Variable (maximum score) | Mean (S.E.) | Standard Deviation (S.E.) | Mean (S.E.) | Standard Deviation (S.E.) |
Reading achievement | 527.87 (3.06) | 62.80 (1.66) | 570.54 (2.26) | 60.58 (1.20) |
Students’ reading attitudes (16) | 12.26 (.06) | 2.58 (.03) | 12.34 (.07) | 2.65 (.03) |
Students’ reading practices (20) | 13.43 (.06) | 2.78 (.03) | 13.76 (.09) | 3.25 (.04) |
Parents’ reading attitudes (16) | 11.14 (.05) | 2.40 (.03) | 11.04 (.05) | 2.33 (.03) |
Home educational resources | −.02 (.03) | .80 (.01) | .01 (.02) | .77 (.01) |
Early home literacy activities (15) | 9.57 (.05) | 1.95 (.03) | 10.24 (.04) | 2.05 (.03) |