| Condition | Reference |
| Extreme molding | [23] |
| Skull fractures | [98] |
| Distortion of brain | [23] |
| Subdural hemorrhage | [99] |
| Retinal hemorrhage | [100] [101] |
| Tentorial tears | [101] |
| Venous hemorrhage | [103] |
| FHR decelerations | [103] [104] |
| Impaired cerebral blood flow | [26] [30] |
| Encephalopathy | [8] [20] [86] |
| Contusions | [103] |