Residual analysis

Upper is χ² under is exact test

Variable Categories for rain and puddles

Total n (%)

n (each grade %)

Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact test

p-value

Cramer’s V

3th-grade

4th-grade

5th-grade

6th-grade

Rain clouds

18.04

***

0.000

Presence

90

(44.8)

25

(50.0)

16

(39.0)

36

(62.1)

**

12

(23.08)

18.32

***

0.000

0.285

Absence

111

(55.2)

25

(50.0)

25

(61.0)

22

(37.9)

**

40

(76.92)

**

Rain of area in the paper

24.10

*

0.015

Without rain and rain drop

1

(0.5)

0

(0.0)

1

(2.4)

*

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

19.78

*

0.024

0.203

All area in the paper

129

(64.2)

32

(64.0)

30

(73.2)

36

(62.1)

31

(60.0)

Top half area (the top of paper)

55

(27.4)

17

(34.0)

9

(22.0)

18

(31.0)

11

(19.0)

Around the human figure

10

(5.0)

0

(0.0)

1

(2.4)

1

(1.7)

8

(13.8)

**

Distant location from the human figure

6

(3.0)

1

(2.0)

0

(0.0)

3

(5.2)

2

(3.4)

Amount of rain fall

14.95

0.092

None rain and rain drop in the picture

1

(0.5)

0

(0.0)

1

(2.4)

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

14.74

0.061

0.157

Low

95

(47.3)

24

(48.0)

18

(43.9)

23

(39.7)

30

(57.7)

Normal amount

77

(38.3)

18

(36.0)

20

(48.8)

27

(46.6)

12

(23.1)

Heavy rainfall

28

(13.9)

8

(8.0)

2

(4.9)

8

(13.8)

10

(19.2)

Shapes of rain

26.42

**

0.002

Rain drops

60

(30.0)

19

(38.0)

21

(52.5)

**

10

(17.2)

*

10

(19.2)

*

25.27

***

0.000

0.210

Line and dotted line

119

(59.5)

25

(50.0)

18

(45.0)

*

44

(75.9)

**

32

(61.5)

Line and drop mixture

20

(10.0)

6

(12.0)

1

(2.5)

4

(6.9)

9

(17.3)

*

Black coating rain

1

(0.5)

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

1

(1.9)

Effectiveness of rain shielding

30.65

***

0.000

unprotected

66

(33.2)

15

(30.0)

17

(42.5)

12

(21.1)

*

22

(42.3)

29.72

***

0.000

0.278

low protected

62

(31.2)

28

(56.0)

**

8

(20.0)

14

(24.6)

12

(23.1)

high protected

71

(35.7)

7

(14.0)

*

15

(37.5)

31

(54.4)

**

18

(34.6)

Rain shielding methods for the figure

no item

55

(27.4)

9

(18.0)

17

(41.5)

*

9

(15.5)

*

20

(38.5)

*

35.95

**

0.007

0.423

using umbrella only

129

(64.2)

38

(76.0)

*

20

(48.8)

*

45

(77.6)

*

26

(50.0)

*

31.22

***

0.000

umbrella and raincoat

3

(1.5)

0

(0.0)

1

(2.4)

0

(0.0)

2

(3.8)

umbrella and raincoat and other item

3

(1.5)

0

(0.0)

1

(2.4)

0

(0.0)

2

(3.8)

inside the room

1

(0.5)

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

1

(1.7)

0

(0.0)

under the roof

2

(1.0)

0

(0.0)

2

(4.9)

*

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

using raincoat only

8

(4.0)

3

(6.0)

0

(0.0)

3

(5.2)

2

(3.8)

Puddle presence

3.42

0.945

absence

77

(38.3)

21

(42.0)

16

(39.0)

18

(31.0)

22

(42.3)

3.54

0.948

0.130

one

64

(31.8)

16

(32.0)

12

(29.3)

21

(36.2)

15

(28.8)

two

31

(15.4)

7

(14.0)

7

(17.1)

11

(19.0)

6

(11.5)

more three

29

(14.4)

6

(12.0)

6

(14.6)

8

(13.8)

9

(17.3)

Black coating puddles by pencil

5.45

0.488

with coating

8

(6.5)

0

(0.0)

1

(4.0)

4

(10.0)

3

(10.0)

5.42

0.487

0.148

without coating

75

(60.5)

17

(58.6)

16

(64.0)

26

(65.0)

16

(53.3)

puddle with rippling

41

(33.1)

12

(41.4)

8

(32.0)

10

(25.0)

11

(36.7)