Air pollutants | Observed daily concentrations | Standards or exposure limits | Emission factors or emission ratios | |
At the fires | At downwind communities | |||
Total PM | [27] [76] 200 - 47,600 μg/m3 | [31] [76] 100 - 600 μg/m3 | - | [6] [32] [102] [103] 6 - 11 g/kg DM |
PM10 | [54] [80] 1300 - 1800 μg/m3 | [81] - [92] 6.4 - 852 μg/m3 | (a)150 μg/m3 | - |
PM2.5 | [80] [93] 148 - 6865 μg/m3 | [75] [82] [83] [94] [95] [96] [97] 63 - 400 μg/m3 | (a)35 μg/m3 | [6] [32] 5 - 9 g/kg DM |
Acrolein | [98] [99] [100] [101] 0.018 - 0.071 ppm | [101] 0.009 ppm | (b)0.1 ppm | [6] 0.08 - 0.18 g/kg DM |
Formaldehyde | [76] [98] [100] [101] 0.03 - 0.468 ppm | [76] [101] 0.02 - 0.047 ppm | (b)0.016 ppm | [6] [11] 0.25 - 1.4 g/kg DM [27] 0.0173 mol/mol CO |
Isocyanic acid | - | [52] 600 ppb | - | - |
PAHs | - | - | (c)200 μg/m3 | [6] 0.0024 - 0.025 g/kg DM |
BaP | [27] 0.102 - 0.161 μg/m3 | [99] 0.0071 μg/m3 | - | [27] [104] 8.2 - 126.4 g/kg PM |
Acenaphthene | [76] 0.57 - 1.53 μg/m3 | [76] 0.83 - 0.89 μg/m3 | - | - |
Naphthalene | [76] 0 - 3.27 μg/m3 | [76] 0 - 3.53 μg/m3 | - | - |
Phenanthrene | [98] 0.38 μg/m3 | - | - | - |
CO2 | [76] [80] 350 - 1000 ppm. | - | (b)5000 ppm | [6] [11] 1580 - 1684 g/kg DM |
CO | [27] [76] [80] [98] [101] 1 - 140 ppm | [76] [97] [101] 1 - 6 ppm | (d)9 ppm (b)35 ppm | [6] [11] 65 - 104 g/kg DM |
CH4 | - | - | - | [6] [11] 2 - 7 g/kg DM [27] [102] [103] [104] [105] 0.029 - 0.140 mol/mol CO |
NOx | - | [86] [90] Slight increase | (e)100 ppb | [6] 2 - 4 g/kg DM |
O3 | - | [67] [71] Up by 50 ppb | (d)75 ppb | - |