| Social/Family Factors | Urban area | Semi-circular area | Rural area |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| Parental professional encouragement | 4.31 (0.87) | 4.16 (1.07) | 4.35 (0.92) |
| Parental school help | 3.32 (1.15) | 3.32 (1.14) | 2.86 (1.29) |
| Parental support in low school performance | 3.30 (1.26) | 3.62 (1.13) | 3.49 (1.23) |
| Parental encouragement for optimal effort | 4.65 (0.70) | 4.57 (0.68) | 4.64 (0.71) |
| Parental knowledge about friendly socializing | 4.06 (1.01) | 4.26 (0.77) | 4.08 (1.09) |
| Visit-parents’ informing by teachers about school progress | 3.85 (1.04) | 3.90 (1.02) | 3.90 (1.10) |