Variables

Before

After

Differences

Mean

Standard deviation

Mean

Standard deviation

Mean

Standard deviation

t

df

p

Procedural knowledge-rules

2.00

1.026

5.80

1.473

3.80

1.576

−10.782

19

0.00

Total score

3.50

1.573

11.95

4.478

8.45

3.649

−10.357

19

0.00