Authors

Area of study

Findings

Ghosh et al. [45]

Saptamukhi creek, Sundarban

Recorded CO₂ emission as 56.7 ± 37.4 mmolm⁻²day⁻¹

Biswas et al. [46]

Estuaries (Muriganga, Saptamukhi, and Thakuran) of the Sundarban mangrove ecosystem

Dissolved CH₄ concentrations in the Sundarban estuarine systems ranged between 11.0 and 129.0 nmolL⁻¹ with emission rates between 1.97 and 134.6 μmol m²day⁻¹

Rajkumar et al. [47]

Adyar River and Estuary

Emissions fluxes for the whole Adyar system ~2.5 × 10⁸ g CH₄yr⁻¹ and ~2.4 × 10⁶ g N₂Oyr⁻¹

Datta et al. [48]

Integrated rain-fed rice-fish farming system

Fish rearing increased CH₄ emission from field plots planted to 2 varieties of rice cultivars with 112% increase in CH₄ emission and 74% respectively in both the varieties. On the contrary, fish stocking reduced N₂O emission from field plots planted to both the rice varieties.

Selvam et al. [49]

45 water bodies include seven lakes, 10 ponds, 11 rivers, six open wells, five reservoirs, three springs, and three canals in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh

The total CH₄ flux (including ebullition and diffusion) from

the 45 systems ranged from 0.01 to 52.1 mmolm⁻²d⁻¹. The mean surface water CH₄ concentration was 3.8 to 14.5 µM CO₂ fluxes ranged from 28.2 to 262.4 mmolm⁻²d⁻¹

Linto et al. [50]

Mangrove-associated waters of the Andaman Islands (Wright Myo; Kalighat)

Estimated mean tidal creek emissions were ~23 - 173 mmolm⁻²day⁻¹ CO₂ and ~0.11 - 0.47 mmolm⁻²day⁻¹ CH₄

Total emissions from contiguous inshore waters are ~1.9 × 10¹¹ molCO₂yr⁻¹ and ~3.0 × 10⁸ molCH₄yr⁻¹ from mangrove-influenced water

Attermeyer et al. [51]

Small water-harvesting lake in South India

Analyzed the effect of floating macrophytes on CO₂ and CH₄ emissions.

The CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from areas covered by water hyacinths were found reduced by 57% compared with that of open water.

Shaher et al. [52]

Sewage-fed aquaculture ponds, East Kolkata Wetlands

Observed mean summer air-water CH₄ fluxes in the sewage fed aquaculture ponds having a depth of 1.1 m and 0.6 m were 24.79 ± 12.02 mgm⁻²h⁻¹ and 6.05 ± 3.14 mgm⁻²h⁻¹ respectively and CH₄ fluxes in the ponds were found positively correlated with water temperature

Kawade et al. [7]

Tehri hydropower reservoir, India

Tehri reservoir is a source of CO₂ with gross CO₂ emission of about 0.30 ± 0.15 Gg CO₂km⁻²yr⁻¹ and net CO₂ emission of 26.89 Gg CO₂yr⁻¹