Modulation type

advantages

Inconvenience

OFDM and its variants

sélective fading immunity;

Resilience to interferences;

Spectrum Efficiency;

Resilient to ISI;

Resilient to narrow band effects;

Simpler channel equalization;

High peak-to-average power ratio;

Sensitive to offset and drift of the Unsuitable for communication with high mobility;

CP-OFDM

Easier frequency domain equalization Flexible frequency assignment

Low implementation complexity Easier MIMO integration

PAPR and high out-of-band emissions

(OOBE)

Cyclic Prefix Encoding Time

Poor performance in case of high mobility

Tighter sync limits

W-OFDM

Lower OOBE

Lower implementation complexity

Low spectral efficiency

Low BER.

F-OFDM

Flexible filter granularity

Better frequency localization

Shorter filter length

MIMO-compatible

Great complexity of implementation

CP-DFT-s-OFDM

Lower PAPR

High OOBE

Strict timing requirements

ZT-DFT-s-OFDM

Flexible guard interval

Superior spectral efficiency

Lower OOBE than CP-DFT-s-OFDM

Additional control signaling Limited link performance (for higher order modulation)

UW-DFT-s-OFDM

Optimal spectral efficiency

Lowest OOBE and PAPR

All inconvenients of ZT-DFT-s-OFDM

High implementation complexity

FBMC

High Spectral Efficiency and Selectivity;

Strength of bands;

Removal of side lobes

Overlapping symbols;

Difficulty of use in MIMO systems;

Requires very long filter usage;

Difficult to be used in IOT and M2M communication.

OQAM-FBMC

Optimal frequency localization

High spectral efficiency

- No resistance to intersymbol interference (ISI) (due to no guard band or CP)

Suitable for asynchronous transmission

Suitable for high mobility use cases

Hard driver design

No resistance to inter-symbol interference (ISI)

High implementation complexity

High energy consumption

UFMC

Significant reduction of out-of-band waves;

Well localized filtering

Shorter length compared to subcarrier size

MIMO compatibility

High PAPR

Difficulty designing the receiver due to OQAM

No immunity to ISI High receptor complexity

GFDM

effective suppression of out-of-band emissions.

Reduced PAPR on average

Superior frequency localization

Flexible design

Management of ISI/ICI very difficult;

Modulation complexity due to prototype filter;

discontinuities between blocks

Higher latency due to block processing Intégration MIMO difficile

High implementation complexity

IM

Provide high throughput

Simple to implement

Lack of model to be used in all waveforms

OTFS

Ability to handle strong Doppler channels

Exploiting frequency dispersion for diversity

Efficient UE multiplexing

Higher implementation complexity Suboptimal equalization architectures