Generation

1G

2G

3G

4G

5G

6G

Technologies

Analog

GSM

CDMA 2020,

W-CDMA

LTE, LTE-A, WiMAX

5G, NR, IPv6, LAN, WAN, PAN

SD WAN, Cloud Edge computing, MPLS network, Optical network

Modulation Technique

FDMA

TDMA

TDMA, CDMA

OFDMA

OFDMA, BDMA

CP-OFDM, OTFS, Smart OFDMA plus IM

rate

2.4 to 14.4 kb/s

14.4 to 64 kb/s

3.1 to 14.7 Mb/s

100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s

1 Gb/s et plus

1 Tbps

Types of Antenna

SISO

SISO

SISO

MIMO

Massive MIMO

Massive and ultra-massive MIMO, Intelligent surface

Core Network

RTPC

RTPC

Packet

Internet

IoT

IoT

Service

Voice

Voice and SMS

Data and voice

Video

VoIP/Ultra HD

Tactile/IA/ML

Band

Narrow

Narrow

Large

Ultra-large

Ultra-large

Ultra-large

Commutation

Circuit

Packet/Circuit

Packet

All-packet

All-packet

All-packet