Total effect

Scale effect

Composition effect

Technique effect

ΔCO₂

−3.9632***

−2.8831*

1.0429***

−2.1230**

(1.4694)

(1.5185)

(0.3085)

(0.8954)

ΔSO₂

−3.6204***

−6.6724***

0.8954***

2.1566***

(1.2316)

(1.2728)

(0.2586)

(0.7505)

ΔEprice

−0.0658**

−0.0722**

−0.0060

0.0125

(0.0282)

(0.0291)

(0.0059)

(0.0172)

Δfdi/gdp

1.0266*

0.7387

−0.3386***

0.6265*

(0.5473)

(0.5657)

(0.1149)

(0.3335)

Δgdp

0.0093***

0.0165***

−0.0005

−0.0068***

(0.0015)

(0.0016)

(0.0003)

(0.0009)

ΔSecond/third

4.7407**

2.7703

−0.6507

2.6211*

(2.3708)

(2.4501)

(0.4978)

(1.4447)

Eastern

14.0276**

7.4729

0.4000

6.1546*

(5.6438)

(5.8326)

(1.1851)

(3.4391)

Central

0.3884

2.7125

1.3502

−3.6743

(4.1098)

(4.2472)

(0.8630)

(2.5043)

Constant

105.5598***

89.9849***

−15.5972***

31.1721**

(21.6713)

(22.3962)

(4.5507)

(13.2055)

N

285.0000

285.0000

285.0000

285.0000

r2_a

0.3877

0.6111

0.1612

0.4048