| Characteristics | Categories | Case (n = 174) | Control (n = 259) | Incidence | Odd Ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
| Gestational age | Preterm |
|
|
|
|
|
| (<37 wks) | 78 (44.83%) | 74 (28.57%) | 18.01% |
|
| |
|
| Term | 55 (31.61%) | 80 (30.89%) | 12.70% | 0.652 (0.408 - 1.042%) | 0.074 |
| (37 - 42) |
|
|
|
|
| |
| Post term | 41 (23.56%) | 105 (40.54%) | 9.47% | 0.370 (0.229 - 0.599) | 0.000 | |
| (>42 wks) |
|
|
|
|
| |
| Gender of neonate | Female | 80 (45.98%) | 140 (54.05%) | 18.48% | 0.723 (0.492 - 1.064) | 0.100 |
| Male | 94 (54.02%) | 119 (45.95%) | 21.71% |
|
| |
| Birth weight | Small ≤ 2.5 kg | 87 (50.00%) | 71 (27.41%) | 16.40% |
|
|
| Appro size (3 - 4 Kg) | 51 (29.31%) | 85 (32.82%) | 11.78% | 0.490 (0.307 - 0.782) | 0.003 | |
| Large (>4 Kg) | 36 (20.69%) | 103 (39.77%) | 8.31% | 0.285 (0.174 - 0.467) | 0.000 | |
| Fetal presentation | Breech | 101 (58.95%) | 88 (33.98%) | 23.33% | 2.689 (1.809 - 3.995) | 0.000 |
| Cephalic | 73 (41.95%) | 171 (66.02%) | 16.90% |
|
| |
| Birth asphyxia | Yes | 97 (55.75%) | 69 (27.64%) | 22.40% | 3.469 (2.310 - 5.210) | 0.000 |
| No | 77 (44.25%) | 190 (73.36%) | 17.78% |
|
| |
| Significant bruising | Yes | 99 (56.90%) | 113 (45.63%) | 22.86% | 1.705 (1.157 - 2.513) | 0.007 |
| No | 75 (43.10%) | 146 (56.37%) | 17.32% |
|
| |
| Neonatal sepsis | Yes | 91 (52.30%) | 102 (39.38%) | 21.02% | 1.688 (1.145 - 2.488) | 0.008 |
| No | 83 (47.70%) | 157 (60.62%) | 19.17% |
|
| |
| Congenital hemolytic anemia | Yes | 94 (54.02%) | 105 (40.54%) | 21.71% | 1.723 (1.169 - 2.540) | 0.006 |
| No | 80 (45.98%) | 154 (59.46%) | 18.48% |
|
| |
| Exclusive breastfeeding | Yes | 113 (64.94%) | 163 (62.93%) | 26.10% | 1.091 (0.731 - 1.621) | 0.67 |
| No | 61 (35.06%) | 96 (37.07%) | 14.09% |
|
|