Criteria | Classification | Hyperactivity | Emotional problems | Conduct problems | Peer problems | Total difficulties | Prosocial behavior |
Mean (SD) | |||||||
1. Sex | Male | 3.39 (1.97) | 3.47 (2.21) | 2.08 (2.11) | 3.45 (1.77) | 12.36 (6.09) | 6.91 (1.99) |
Female | 2.23 (1.90) | 4.36 (2.50)*** | 1.68 (1.71)* | 3.50 (1.51) | 12.73 (5.84) | 7.36 (1.78)** | |
2. Age | 9 - 11 years old | 3.03 (1.93) | 3.83 (2.42) | 1.71 (1.96) | 3.46 (1.96) | 11.90 (6.00) | 7.08 (1.96) |
12 - 15 years old | 3.57 (1.91)*** | 4.01 (2.39) | 2.03 (1.88) | 3.49 (1.57) | 13.14 (5.88) | 7.20 (1.85) | |
3. Length of parental migration | ≤2 years | 3.71 (1.97) | 3.85 (2.27) | 2.14 (2.00) | 3.60 (1.65) | 13.22 (5.98) | 6.80 (1.92) |
2 - 5 years | 2.87 (1.81) | 3.50 (2.21) | 1.14 (1.43) | 3.20 (1.39) | 10.78 (5.00) | 7.62 (1.60) | |
>5 years | 3.20 (2.05)*** | 4.23 (2.70) | 4.23 (2.70)*** | 3.19 (1.64) | 12.37 (6.09)*** | 7.52 (1.77)*** | |
4. Who works far away from home | Father | 2.99 (1.98) | 3.52 (2.35) | 1.63 (1.78) | 3.28 (1.72) | 11.38 (5.86) | 7.28 (1.83) |
Mother | 3.41 (1.94) | 4.13 (2.33) | 2.19 (2.16) | 3.71 (1.52) | 13.41 (6.09) | 7.18 (1.96) | |
Two parents | 3.55 (1.88)* | 4.24 (2.45)** | 1.88 (1.82) | 2.37 (1.63) | 13.08 (5.74)*** | 7.01 (1.88) | |
5. Children’s residential area | Phu Tho | 3.39 (1.95) | 4.20 (2.37) | 1.68 (1.70) | 3.42 (1.53) | 12.85 (5.72) | 7.66 (1.64) |
Bac Ninh | 2.73 (1.83) | 3.28 (2.35) | 1.43 (1.83) | 3.28 (1.53) | 10.56 (5.68) | 17.37 (1.94 ) | |
Ha Nam | 3.71 (1.90)*** | 4.26 (2.36)*** | 2.32 (2.02)*** | 3.66 (1.78) | 13.88 (5.92)*** | 6.67 (1.90)*** | |
6. The frequency of communication between children and parents | Less frequent | 3.37 (1.91) | 4.05 (2.42) | 1.85 (1.94) | 3.56 (1.65) | 12.87 (5.98) | 7.22 (1.84) |
Frequent | 3.21 (1.98) | 3.75 (2.36) | 1.87 (1.87) | 3.36 (1.63) | 12.11 (5.92) | 7.06 (1.97) |