Parameter

Description

Values (day⁻¹)

Source

$\mu$

Natural death rate

0.02

[19]

$\delta$

Disease-induced death rate

0 (0.0 - 0.8)

[19]

$\beta$

Effective contact rate

(0.3 - 0.99)

[20]

$\kappa$

Recovery rate of asymptomatic infected

(0.45 - 0.85)

[20]

$\nu$

Recovery rate of symptomatic infected

(0.45 - 0.85)

[20]

$\sigma$

Exit rate from exposed class

6

[20]

$\pi$

Recruitment rate in Susceptible cattle population

100

[21]

$\rho$

Proportion of exposed individuals to become asymptomatic infected

(0.15 - 0.5)

[21]

$\varphi$

Modification parameter to reduce infectiousness of asymptomatic individual

0.4

[22]

$\eta$

Rate at which recovery individual lose immunity

(0.01 - 0.05)

[22]

${\alpha }_1$

Immigration rate of asymptomatic individuals

0.64

Estimated

${\alpha }_2$

Immigration rate of symptomatic individuals

0.32

Estimated