| Method/Approach | Selection | Conceptualization | Relationship | Extraction of Meaning |
| Centering resonance analysis (Corman, Dooley et al., 2002; Dooley, Corman et al., 2003; Kuhn & Corman, 2003) | Nouns and noun phrases | Yes: minimal affix stemming from plural to singular forms. | Links are created between sequentially-occurring and centered noun phrases in an utterance··· | Qualitative (reading statements) Quantitative (correlation; resonance) |
| NTA in social sciences (Carley & Palmquist, 1992; Carley, 1997) | Frequently occurring “substantive” words and short phrases; pronouns converted to nouns | Yes: conceptual thesaurus for frequent substantive concepts | Causal, definitional, directional, and equivalence relations | Qualitative (reading statements) Quantitative (number of concepts and statements) |
| Semantic networks (Danowski, 1993; Doerfel & Barnett, 1999; Rice & Danowski, 1993) | Most frequently occurring words, minus “stop words” such as articles, prepositions, pronouns conjunctions, transitive verbs, acronyms, verbs of being, place names and other words that “distort” | Yes: stemming of plural forms | Co-occurrence of concepts within a researcher-defined window | Qualitative (reading statements), Quantitative (number of concepts and statements) |
| Semantic mapping (Leydesdorff & Welbers, 2011) | Words occurring more than twice, minus stop words, in the sample | No: uses terms verbatim. | Co-occurrence of words within a set of 195 documents | Qualitative (reading statements), Quantitative (correlation & factor analysis) |