Constructs

Variables

Measurement/Description

Independent Variables

Corporate Governance (CG)

Board size (BS)

Number of directors on board

Board meeting frequency (BMF)

Number of annual board meetings

Audit committee size (AUCS)

Number of directors on audit committee

Ownership concentration (OWNCON)

Percentage of total shares outstanding of largest shareholders (owning more than 10% of firm shares)

Dependent Variables

Corporate Performance (CP)

Operational performance (ROA)

Net Income/Total Assets

Financial performance (ROE)

Net Income/Shareholders’ Equity

Market performance (Tobin’s Q)

(Market value of Equity/Book Value of Equity

Mediating Variables

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

CSRDI

Ratio of no. of CSR items disclosed by a company in a given year in annual reports/CSR disclosure report to the total CSR items.

Control Variables

Company’s Size (LnSize)

Measured by Natural log of Total Assets

Company’s Financial Leverage (FLEV)

Measured by Total Liabilities/Total Equity

Company’s Age (LnAge)

The number of years since incorporation.