Series

Test statistic

Critical value

Inference

Openness index

−6.484

−2.930

Stationary

lnproduction

−5.475

−2.933

Stationary

lnconsumption

−6.661

−2.929

Stationary

Lndomestic price

−6.705

−2.929

Stationary

lngdp

−4.714

−2.929

Stationary

Exchange rate

−4.688

−2.929

Stationary