Definitions

Source of health insurance

“Other” (j = o)

off-farm employment (j = e)

All sample

Selection equation, “j = o”:

Dependent variable:

Off-farm labor participation (1; 0)

Explanatory variables:

Potential experience of operator (years)

Race: White (1; 0)

Education: High school (1; 0)

Education: Some college (1; 0)

Education: College and beyond (1; 0)

Operator works full-time off the farm (1; 0)

Farm location: metro (1; 0)

County annual precipitation (Inches)

County average temperature (Fahrenheit)

Unemployment rate (%)

Exclusion restriction variables (1; 0):

Household has children under 6 years old (1; 0)

Spouse off-farm labor participation (1; 0)

Unearned income ($1000)

Dairy (1; 0)

Sample size

Number of farms (expanded)

0.33

33.46*

0.83

0.42

0.26

0.24

0.21

0.37

43.40*

42.47*

5.26*

0.10

0.47

23.95*

0.05

8595

839,519

2201

417,557

10,796

1,257,076

Off-farm wages > 0

Outcome equation, “j = o” and “j = e”:

Dependent variable:

Off-farm wage rate per hour, average ($)²:

P50, median ($)³

P90, value at the 90^th percentile of the distribution ($)

P10, value at the 10^th percentile of the distribution ($)

Explanatory variables:

Potential experience of operator (years)

Race: White (1; 0)

Education: High school (1; 0)

Education: Some college (1; 0)

Education: College and beyond (1; 0)

Works full-time off the farm (1; 0)

Farm location: metro (1; 0)

County annual precipitation (Inches)

County average temperature (Fahrenheit)

Unemployment rate (%)

Sample size

Number of farms (expanded)

32.74*^,s

24.86

68.75

8.39

31.72*

0.93

0.36

0.27

0.29

0.64

0.41

45.31*

43.12*^,s

5.24*

1899

274,989

37.05*

27.84

64.29

15.00

31.74*

0.96

0.33

0.30

0.36

0.84

0.44

46.76*

44.08*

5.35*

2201

417,557

35.34*

27.50

68.75

11.90

31.73*

0.95

0.34

0.29

0.33

0.76

0.42

46.18*

43.70*

5.31*

4100

692,546