| Variables | Case | Control | X2 | p-value | ||
| n | % | n | % | |||
| Smoking |
|
|
|
| 0.26 | 0.611 |
| Yes | 7 | 4.2 | 11 | 3.3 |
|
|
| No | 159 | 95.8 | 321 | 96.7 |
|
|
| Alcohol |
|
|
|
| 23.22 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 106 | 63.9 | 136 | 41.0 |
|
|
| No | 60 | 36.1 | 196 | 59.0 |
|
|
| Abortion |
|
|
|
| 77.67 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 70 | 42.2 | 29 | 8.7 |
|
|
| No | 96 | 57.8 | 303 | 91.3 |
|
|
| Twins |
|
|
|
| 0.03 | 0.869 |
| Yes | 6 | 3.6 | 13 | 3.9 |
|
|
| No | 160 | 96.4 | 319 | 96.1 |
|
|
| Gravida |
|
|
|
| 2.85 | 0.241 |
| Primigravida | 25 | 15.1 | 71 | 21.4 |
|
|
| Multigravida | 110 | 66.3 | 203 | 61.1 |
|
|
| Grandmultigravida | 31 | 18.7 | 58 | 15.5 |
|
|
| Mode of delivery |
|
|
|
| 19.36 | <0.001 |
| Normal | 88 | 53.0 | 196 | 59.0 |
|
|
| Caesarian | 36 | 21.7 | 101 | 30.4 |
|
|
| Assisted | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
|
|
| Did not deliver | 42 | 25.3 | 35 | 10.5 |
|
|
| Pregnancy stage |
|
|
|
| 101.36 | <0.001 |
| Intrapartum | 7 | 4.2 | 0 | 0.0 |
|
|
| Antepartum | 39 | 23.5 | 0 | 0.0 |
|
|
| Puerperium | 120 | 72.3 | 332 | 100.0 |
|
|
| Number of ANC visits |
|
|
|
| 170.25 | <0.001 |
| None | 19 | 11.4 | 8 | 2.4 |
|
|
| 1 to 3 | 111 | 66.9 | 52 | 15.7 |
|
|
| Above 4 | 36 | 21.7 | 272 | 81.9 |
|
|