Variables

Case

Control

OR [95% CI]

p-value

Multivariate Logistic Regression

n

%

n

%

aOR [95% CI]

p-value

Smoking

Yes

7

4.2

11

3.3

1.29 [0.49 - 3.38]

0.611

1.31 [0.00 - 581.2]

0.931

No

159

95.8

321

96.7

Reference

Reference

Alcohol

Yes

106

63.9

136

41.0

2.55 [1.73 - 3.74]

<0.001

22.79 [1.04 - 501.3]

0.047

No

60

36.1

196

59.0

Reference

Reference

Abortion

Yes

70

42.2

29

8.7

7.62 [4.67 - 12.44]

<0.001

61.53 [1.29 - 2927.3]

0.037

No

96

57.8

303

91.3

Reference

Reference

Twins

Yes

6

3.6

13

3.9

0.92 [0.34 - 2.47]

0.869

0.01 [0.00 - 2150]

0.600

No

160

96.4

319

96.1

Reference

Reference

Gravida

Primigravida

25

15.1

71

21.4

0.66 [0.35 - 1.24]

0.195

1.91 [0.02 - 198.89]

0.781

Multigravida

110

66.3

203

61.1

1.01 [0.62 - 1.66]

0.957

4.50 [0.12 - 164.93]

0.414

Grandmulti

31

18.7

58

15.5

Reference

Reference

Mode of delivery

Normal

88

53.0

196

59.0

0.37 [0.22 - 0.63]

<0.001

3.10 [0.09 - 111.5]

0.536

Caesarian

36

21.7

101

30.4

0.30 [0.17 - 0.54]

<0.001

6.54 [0.11 - 407.7]

0.373

Assisted

0

0.0

0

0.0

Undefined

Undefined

Did not deliver

42

25.3

35

10.5

Reference

Reference

Pregnancy stage

Intrapartum

7

4.2

0

0.0

Undefined

Undefined

Antepartum

39

23.5

0

0.0

Undefined

Undefined

Puerperium

120

72.3

332

100.0

Reference

Reference

Number of ANC visits

None

19

11.4

8

2.4

17.94 [7.32 - 43.97]

<0.001

388.3 [5.6 - 26752.9]

0.006

1 to 3

111

66.9

52

15.7

16.13 [9.99 - 26.04]

<0.001

421.6 [11.5 - 15503.2]

0.001

Above 4

36

21.7

272

81.9

Reference

Reference