Immediate and early complications | Late complications |
Severe pain | Urinary problems (painful urination, urinary tract infections |
Haemorrhage | Vaginal hygienic problems |
Infections and sepsis | Scar tissue and keloid formation |
Urinary problems urine retension | Sexual problems and penetration difficulties) |
Injury to surrounding genital tissue | Increased risk of childbirth complications |
Shock (haemorrhagic and septic shock) | Need for later surgeries: (defibulation). repeated opening and closing procedures (Redo procedure) |
Death | Psychological problems (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, low self-esteem) |