Van Belle et al. [23] Respiratory Medicine, 1992

Postoperative pulmonary functions abnormalities after coronary artery by-pass surgery

Assess the effects

of MRS on lung function after 1 and 6 weeks of PO

n = 34

Those who underwent MRS

Preoperatively assessed, 1 week and 6 weeks of PO

6 weeks = significant persistence of reduction in TPC, FEV1, and TV in relation to preoperative values

Efthimiou et al. [29]

Annals Thoracic Surgery, 1991

Diaphragm paralysis following cardiac surgery: role of phrenic nerve cold injury

Compare the frequency and natural history of diaphragmatic paralysis in patients who underwent CS with or without “ice/slush”*

n = 100

Those who underwent MRS

Group I (n = 50)—with “ice-slush”*,

Group II (n = 50)—without “ice-slush”*

Assessed by X-ray, 1 week, 1 month, and every 6 months of PO

1 month = 12 patients in Group I had diaphragmatic paralysis

1 year = 5 patients in Group I had diaphragmatic paralysis

Landymore et al. [31] European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, 1990

Pulmonary complications following myocardial revascularization with de internal mammary artery graft

Determine the incidence and etiology of pulmonary complications after MRS with IMA graft

n = 106

Those who underwent MRS and valve surgery

Group I (control)— saphenous graft, Group II—IMA with pleural dissection

Group III—IMA without pleural dissection

Assessed with 3 months of PO, by X-ray

3 months = 53% of Group II patients had persistent loss of left lung volume related to atelectasis and left pleural effusion

Shapira et al. [20]

Annals Thoracic Surgery, 1990

Determinants of pulmonary functions

in patients undergoing coronary bypass operations

Determine the immediate and late

effect of median sternotomy on lung function

n = 29

Those who underwent MRS

Preoperatively assessed,

at hospital discharge, and 3 months of PO

3 months = some minor reductions were found for IC, TPC, FEV1, FEF 25% - 75%, PEF, FVC, and SVC

Curtis et al. [30]

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 1989

Elevated hemidiaphragm after cardiac operations: incidence, prognosis, and relationship to the use of topical ice slush

Determine the incidence and

prognosis of elevated hemidiaphragm in patients who underwent CS with “ice/slush”*

n = 745

Those who underwent

MRS with “ice-slush”* Preoperatively assessed, 1 month, and 1 year of PO

1 month = 79 out of 99 patients (79.8%) had diaphragmatic elevation

1 year = 14 out of 64 patients (21.9%) had diaphragmatic elevation

Braun et al. [18]

Chest, 1978

Pre and postoperative pulmonary function abnormalities in coronary artery revascularization surgery

Assess the preoperative pulmonary status and late PO of patients who underwent MRS

n = 19

Those who underwent MRS

Preoperatively assessed, 1 to 2 days, 2 weeks and mean 116 days of PO

116 days = reduced VC, TPC, IC, FRC and diffusion capacity