| Author/Journal/Year | Title | Objetive | Method | Outcome |
| Baltieri et al. [27] Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia, 2012 | Transcutaneous electrical diaphragmatic stimulation in diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery | Observe the influence of TEDS on diaphragmatic paralysis after MRS | n = 1 Submitted to MRS Pre-operatively assessed by X-ray, 30 physical therapy sessions without TEDS and another 20 physical therapy sessions with TEDS (total = 50 sessions or 10 weeks) of physical therapy in the PO of MRS | 30 sessions without TEDS = there was no symptomatic improvement of diaphragmatic dysfunction and the previous image remained on the chest X-ray 20 additional sessions (10 weeks) with TEDS = partial resolution of diaphragmatic paralysis was observed |
| Rachwalik [25] Clinical and Experimental Medicine Letters, 2008 | Spirometric changes after valve surgery | Elucidate the degree of recovery of spirometric values after 6 months of open CS | n = 26 Those who underwent valve surgery Preoperatively assessed, 5 days, 2.5 months, and 6 months of PO | 2.5 months = 20% reduction in TV, FEV1, FEF25%, FEF50% FEF75% 6 months = all variables persisted 5% below preoperative values |
| Westerdahl et al. [22] Respiratory Medicine, 2003 | Pulmonary function 4 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery | Describe lung function and pain 4 months after MRS | n = 25 Those who underwent MRS Preoperatively assessed, 4 days and 4 months of PO | 4 months = TV, IC, FEV1, FRC, TPC, DLCO, PEF were reduced from 6 to 13% in relation to preoperative values |
| Berrizbeitia et al. [19] Chest, 1998 | Effects of sternotomy and coronary bypass surgery on postoperative pulmonary mechanics | To determine the effect of median sternotomy and types of grafts on lung function in the PO of MRS | n = 55 Those who underwent MRS Preoperatively assessed and 6 to 8 weeks of PO | 6 to 8 weeks = reduction in FVC, %FVC, FEF 25% - 75%, % FEF 25% - 75%, more evident in patients who used IMA as a graft |
| Dimopoulou et al. [28] Chest, 1998 | Phrenic nerve dysfunction after cardiac operations | Electrophysiologically determine risk factors for the development of phrenic nerve dysfunction after CS | n = 63 Those who underwent MRS and valve surgery Preoperatively assessed, 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days of PO | 30 days = 8 out of 10 patients still had a reduction in the latency time of phrenic nerve conduction |
| Shenkman et al. [21] Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1997 | The effects of cardiac surgery on early and late pulmonary function | Assess the immediate and late effects of CS on pulmonary function tests | n = 50 Those who underwent MRS or valve surgery Preoperative assessment, 3 weeks and 3.5 months of PO | 3 weeks = greater reduction in FEV1, FEF 50%, FEF 75%, FVC, MVV, and PEF 3 months = increased variables but they did not reach preoperative values |
| Johnson et al. [24] Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia, 1996 | Respiratory function after cardiac surgery | Relating pulmonary dysfunction to the presence of respiratory symptoms in patients who underwent CS | n = 138 Those who underwent MRS or valve surgery Assessed on admission and 8 weeks of PO | 8 weeks = respiratory symptoms (cough, discharge, wheezing, and dyspnoea) are correlated with the presence of atelectasis and with reduced respiratory muscle strength, and spirometric values |
| Vaidya et al. [26] The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 1996 | Spirometric changes after open mitral surgery | Assess spirometric values after valve reconstruction surgery | n = 31 Those who underwent valve reconstruction surgery Preoperative assessment and 3 months of PO | 3 months = 17 out of 31 patients had low-value spirometry |