Criterion

State-owned farms

Agricultural cooperatives

Ownership

State ownership of all inputs (labor, land, capital)

State ownership of Land

Cooperative ownership of capital, labor

Use right

State use right for all inputs

Households have use right of 5% of cultivated land;

95% of cultivated land depended cooperative

Output

All outputs submitted to the state

Output from 95% of lands will be paid for state taxation, commune and cooperative expenditures; surplus output will be divided for total working days of farmers of the cooperative

Price

No market price; Government decided; many kind of input and output prices

No market price;

Government decided; many kind of input and output prices

Output surplus

No

Have to be sold to the government

Salary of labor

Paid by the state

No salary for farmers; working day paid by rice