Variable

Beta

coefficient

95% CI for coefficient

t

p

Resilience, as predicted by intrapersonal spirituality, with overall positive emotions as a mediator

Total effect for spirituality

1.11 (.55)

.95, 1.27

13.52

<.001

Direct effect for spirituality

.59 (.28)

.39, .80

5.79

<.001

Indirect effect through emotions

.51 (.27)

.39, .66

Path a₁

(spirituality → emotions)

5.91 (.65)

5.23, 6.58

17.24

<.001

Path b₁

(emotions → resilience)

.09 (.42)

.07, .11

8.14

<.001

Path c’

(spirituality → resilience)

.59 (.28)

.39, .80

5.79

<.001

R² = .30 for total effect. Sobel z = 7.35, p < .001 for indirect effect. Ratio of indirect to total effect = .46.

Resilience, as predicted by intrapersonal spirituality, with pride as a mediator

Total effect for spirituality

1.11 (.55)

.95, 1.27

13.52

<.001

Direct effect for spirituality

.58 (.29)

.38, .78

5.69

<.001

Indirect effect through pride

.53 (.26)

.40, .68

Path a₁

(spirituality → pride)

.96 (.62)

.84, 1.08

15.33

<.001

Path b₁

(pride → resilience)

.55

(.42)

.42, .68

8.24

<.001

Path c’

(spirituality → resilience)

.58 (.29)

.38, .78

5.69

<.001

R² = .30 for total effect. Sobel z = 7.25, p < .001 for indirect effect. Ratio of indirect to total effect = .48.

Resilience, as predicted by overall social support, with overall positive emotions as a mediator

Total effect for social support

.21 (.37)

.16, .25

9.19

<.001

Direct effect for social support

.04 (.03)

−.01, .09

1.49

.137

Indirect effect through emotions

.17 (.34)

.13, .21

Path a₁

(social support → emotions)

1.43 (.59)

1.22, 1.63

13.67

<.001

Path b₁

(emotions → resilience)

.12 (.58)

.10, .14

11.13

<.001

Path c’ (social support → resilience)

.04 (.03)

−.01, .09

1.49

.137

R² = .14 for total effect. Sobel z = 8.62, p < .001 for indirect effect. Ratio of indirect to total effect = .81.

Resilience, as predicted by overall social support, with overall positive emotions as a mediator, for the private university sample (n = 238)

Total effect for social support

.24 (.43)

.18, .31

7.12

<.001

Direct effect for social support

.05 (.05)

−.03, .12

1.27

.207

Indirect effect through positive emotions

.20 (.39)

.14, .26

Path a₁ (social support → emotions)

1.39 (.57)

1.09, 1.69

9.18

<.001