Factor | Items | Item Description | Cronbach’s α |
Learning Management (LM) | 6 | Relating to planning and monitoring learning tasks | 0.87 |
Interaction with Peers (IP) | 3 | Relating to seeking and providing help with peers | 0.87 |
Technology Management (TM) | 4 | Relating to the use of various digital applications and basic troubleshooting skills | 0.78 |
Space Management (SM) | 4 | Relating to creation of a learning environment to focus on tasks | 0.88 |
Interaction with Instructors (II) | 3 | Relating to necessary communication with instructors | 0.84 |
Motivation Management (MM) | 3 | Relating to the motivational strategies when learning online | 0.76 |