Factor

Items

Item Description

Cronbach’s α

Learning Management (LM)

6

Relating to planning and monitoring learning tasks

0.87

Interaction with Peers (IP)

3

Relating to seeking and providing help with peers

0.87

Technology Management (TM)

4

Relating to the use of various digital applications and basic troubleshooting skills

0.78

Space Management (SM)

4

Relating to creation of a learning environment to focus on tasks

0.88

Interaction with Instructors (II)

3

Relating to necessary communication with instructors

0.84

Motivation Management (MM)

3

Relating to the motivational strategies when learning online

0.76