Results

PBL group

Situational simulation group

Traditional teaching group

PBL+ Situational Simulation Group

Theoretical examination results

77.76 ± 1.97*

76.70 ± 2.40*

70.06 ± 2.09^△▲

90.66 ± 0.98*^△▲

Examination results of operating skills

79.68 ± 1.20*

80.66 ± 2.56*

71.23 ± 3.68^△▲

90.64 ± 2.45*^△▲