Study | Design | Sample Size | Data Collection Methods | Outcome Measures |
| Validation study | 174 principals | Survey questionnaire | Principals’ data-informed decision-making on high-impact strategies |
| Literature review | N/A | SA systematic review of literature | Database decision-making in education |
| Case study | 6 urban schools | Interviews, surveys, and document analysis | The principal role in data-driven decision making |
| Case study | 3 schools | Interviews, focus groups, and document analysis | Leadership for twenty-first-century schools and student achievement |