Average indicators of Gulf women’s empowerment during the period 1996-2015. To identify the extent to which there is a statistically significant difference between the GCC countries in the indicators of women’s empowerment, the One Way ANOVA parametric analysis test was used. To identify the detailed difference between the largest Gulf countries in achieving indicators and other countries, the Post Hoc Tests were used. Symbols indicate that differences between countries in enabling indicators are statistically significant at less than *** 1%, ** 5%, and * 10%.

Country

Average Women’s Empowerment in the GCC

Empowerment Index

Comparing the best country in the index with other countries

Women’s Economic Empowerment

Comparing the best country in the index with other countries

Variation by mean

Statistical significance

Variation by mean

Statistical significance

U.A.E

1.150

3.600

0.000

1.400

Bahrain

4.750

0.950

0.450

0.001

Saudi Arabia

0.250

4.500

0.000

0.100

1.300

0.000

Kuwait

4.050

0.700

0.050

0.550

0.850

0.000

Oman

2.450

2.300

0.000

1.300

0.100

0.464

Qatar

3.650

1.100

0.002

1.000

0.400

0.005

GCC countries combined

2.717

0.881

Variance Analysis Test

Fisher test

F-Test

49.259

25.580

Fisher Test Probability

p-value

0.000

0.000