Condensed tannins as mg CE/100 mg, (db)

Total Phenols as mg CE/100 mg, (db)

Flour

Porridge

Flour

Porridge

Millet variety

Composite

Unmalted + Cowpea

Malted

+ Cowpea

Unmalted + Cowpea

Malted

+ Cowpea

Unmalted + Cowpea

Malted

+ Cowpea

Unmalted + Cowpea

Malted

+ Cowpea

Snapping

0% (Control)

0.61fg ± 0.06

0.34h ± 0.04

0.61e ± 0.03

0.35fh ± 0.00

1.26i ± 0.09

0.83h ± 0.03

1.09b ± 0.03

1.07b ± 0.09

10.34% PKS

0.62f ± 0.06

0.35gh ± 0.02

0.62e ± 0.04

0.33h ± 0.03

1.44k ± 0.03

1.30c ± 0.05

1.03cd ± 0.03

1.01c ± 0.09

21.26% PKS

0.56h ± 0.04

0.37f ± 0.06

0.56f ± 0.02

0.38ef ± 0.05

1.50j ± 0.00

1.22e ± 0.05

0.92e ± 0.05

0.87e ± 0.26

32.75% PKS

0.53i ± 0.02

0.40e ± 0.04

0.53g ± 0.03

0.39e ± 0.05

1.54i ± 0.03

1.10g ± 0.03

0.85f ± 0.04

0.80f ± 0.11

10.34% PKF

0.59g ± 0.06

0.33h ± 0.09

0.55g ± 0.05

0.33h ± 0.06

1.76g ± 0.03

1.49b ± 0.09

1.05c ± 0.08

1.00c ± 0.10

21.26% PKF

0.55hi ± 0.02

0.32h ± 0.03

0.46h ± 0.04

0.34fh ± 0.07

1.70h ± 0.03

1.23e ± 0.07

1.13a ± 0.00

1.11a ± 0.27

32.75% PKF

0.50j ± 0.03

0.32h ± 0.11

0.47h ± 0.07

0.36f ± 0.00

1.68h ± 0.03

1.17f ± 0.07

1.11ab ± 0.03

1.02c ± 0.19

KNE741

0% (Control)

1.27a ± 0.02

0.64b ± 0.02

1.11a ± 0.03

0.62b ± 0.03

2.32a ± 0.05

1.36c ± 0.05

1.00d ± 0.03

0.92d ± 0.03

10.34% PKS

1.11c ± 0.05

0.69a ± 0.03

1.00b ± 0.04

0.62b ± 0.02

2.24b ± 0.05

1.71a ± 0.09

1.14a ± 0.03

1.09ab ± 0.03

21.26% PKS

0.98d ± 0.04

0.64b ± 0.03

0.94c ± 0.03

0.61bc ± 0.02

2.10d ± 0.03

1.47b ± 0.19

1.04c ± 0.05

1.02c ± 0.03

32.75% PKS

0.84e ± 0.07

0.59c ± 0.10

0.76d ± 0.03

0.59c ± 0.00

2.09d ± 0.09

1.28d ± 0.05

0.94e ± 0.03

0.93d ± 0.05

10.34% PKF

1.15b ± 0.06

0.65b ± 0.03

0.94c ± 0.03

0.65a ± 0.02

2.16c ± 0.09

1.33c ± 0.05

1.03cd ± 0.12

1.03c ± 0.03

21.26% PKF

0.96d ± 0.03

0.61c ± 0.03

1.12a ± 0.04

0.60bc ± 0.03

2.01e ± 0.04

1.33c ± 0.07

0.88f ± 0.03

0.87e ± 0.05

32.75% PKF

0.86e ± 0.04

0.56d ± 0.02

0.77d ± 0.04

0.54d ± 0.04

1.97f ± 0.03

1.28d ± 0.05

0.98d ± 0.03

1.00c ± 0.03