| ALP (U/L) | 100 - 325 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 169.0 ± 41.6 | 0.048 | 174.8 ± 38.6 | 0.045 | 0.113 | 167.7 ± 40.9 | 0.020 | 0.715 | 162.9 ± 39.8 | 0.011 | 0.019 |
| Placebo | 20 | 200.0 ± 53.2 | 206.7 ± 57.1 | 0.032 | 206.4 ± 58.0 | 0.123 | 204.6 ± 57.6 | 0.195 | ||||||
| γ-GT (γ-GTP) (U/L) | M: ≤80 F: ≤30 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 19.3 ± 9.4 | 0.954 | 18.7 ± 7.8 | 0.517 | 0.323 | 17.3 ± 7.7 | 0.332 | 0.059 | 17.8 ± 6.8 | 0.304 | 0.091 |
| Placebo | 20 | 19.1 ± 6.5 | 20.2 ± 6.7 | 0.346 | 20.2 ± 10.4 | 0.565 | 21.6 ± 15.1 | 0.435 | ||||||
| CK (CPK) (U/L) | M: 60 - 270 F: 40 - 150 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 117.6 ± 63.0 | 0.057 | 138.3 ± 127.1 | 0.421 | 0.516 | 173.4 ± 228.3 | 0.220 | 0.303 | 117.8 ± 66.1 | 0.573 | 0.984 |
| Placebo | 20 | 86.2 ± 31.9 | 112.3 ± 66.0 | 0.014 | 106.3 ± 75.6 | 0.179 | 143.7 ± 192.5 | 0.175 | ||||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 70 - 109 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 83.6 ± 7.2 | 0.468 | 82.1 ± 6.2 | 0.593 | 0.260 | 79.5 ± 9.0 | 0.370 | 0.005 | 79.5 ± 9.3 | 0.350 | 0.025 |
| Placebo | 20 | 82.1 ± 6.2 | 81.0 ± 6.7 | 0.315 | 81.7 ± 6.1 | 0.704 | 81.8 ± 6.2 | 0.791 | ||||||
| HbA1c (%) | 4.6 - 6.2 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 0.356 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 0.859 | 0.004 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 0.297 | 1.000 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 0.613 | 0.104 |
| Placebo | 20 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 0.481 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 0.629 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 0.007 | ||||||
| Total protein (mg/dL) | 120 - 219 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 196.4 ± 25.7 | 0.839 | 202.9 ± 23.8 | 0.612 | 0.120 | 193.7 ± 19.4 | 0.877 | 0.431 | 193.5 ± 20.5 | 0.896 | 0.433 |
| Placebo | 20 | 198.3 ± 31.1 | 198.6 ± 29.7 | 0.938 | 195.0 ± 32.0 | 0.361 | 194.7 ± 33.3 | 0.275 | ||||||
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 65 - 139 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 114.7 ± 24.1 | 0.617 | 118.1 ± 19.5 | 0.265 | 0.339 | 112.7 ± 16.8 | 0.488 | 0.482 | 112.5 ± 18.1 | 0.610 | 0.458 |
| Placebo | 20 | 110.9 ± 24.2 | 110.5 ± 22.8 | 0.895 | 108.2 ± 23.3 | 0.332 | 109.0 ± 24.4 | 0.528 | ||||||
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | M: 40 - 85 F: 40 - 95 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 63.4 ± 12.4 | 0.266 | 62.3 ± 14.0 | 0.349 | 0.374 | 61.1 ± 11.5 | 0.134 | 0.057 | 60.1 ± 12.0 | 0.055 | 0.008 |
| Placebo | 20 | 68.8 ± 17.7 | 66.8 ± 15.9 | 0.176 | 67.6 ± 15.1 | 0.442 | 69.3 ± 16.9 | 0.805 | ||||||
| Triglyceride (TG) (mg/dL) | 30 - 149 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 74.7 ± 31.5 | 0.950 | 76.5 ± 25.4 | 0.639 | 0.706 | 74.0 ± 28.2 | 0.878 | 0.901 | 83.4 ± 39.8 | 0.398 | 0.188 |
| Placebo | 20 | 74.0 ± 37.7 | 71.9 ± 34.8 | 0.649 | 75.8 ± 41.9 | 0.728 | 72.7 ± 39.0 | 0.892 | ||||||
| Total protein (g/dL) | 6.7 - 8.3 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 7.1 ± 0.4 | 0.058 | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 0.430 | 0.138 | 7.1 ± 0.3 | 0.473 | 0.938 | 7.1 ± 0.4 | 0.001 | 0.353 |
| Placebo | 20 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | 0.214 | 7.2 ± 0.5 | 0.056 | 7.5 ± 0.4 | 0.034 | ||||||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8 - 5.2 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 0.790 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 0.521 | 0.356 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 0.473 | 0.643 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 0.385 | 0.004 |
| Placebo | 20 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 0.761 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 0.209 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 1.000 | ||||||
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 8.0 - 20.0 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 13.6 ± 2.9 | 0.519 | 12.7 ± 2.7 | 0.610 | 0.089 | 13.2 ± 3.0 | 0.402 | 0.524 | 12.8 ± 3.5 | 0.469 | 0.244 |
| Placebo | 20 | 13.0 ± 3.1 | 12.3 ± 2.4 | 0.133 | 14.0 ± 3.1 | 0.158 | 13.5 ± 2.0 | 0.431 | ||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | M: 0.61 - 1.04 F: 0.47 - 0.79 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 0.79 ± 0.17 | 0.618 | 0.79 ± 0.18 | 0.830 | 0.934 | 0.73 ± 0.16 | 0.965 | 0.000 | 0.77 ± 0.17 | 0.591 | 0.144 |
| Placebo | 20 | 0.76 ± 0.14 | 0.77 ± 0.12 | 0.227 | 0.74 ± 0.11 | 0.123 | 0.74 ± 0.13 | 0.084 | ||||||
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | M: 3.8 - 7.0 F: 2.5 - 7.0 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 0.187 | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 0.416 | 0.287 | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 0.632 | 0.642 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 0.345 | 0.750 |
| Placebo | 20 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 0.756 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | 0.001 | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 0.200 | ||||||
| Sodium (Na) (mEq/L) | 137 - 147 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 140.6 ± 2.0 | 0.928 | 140.9 ± 1.4 | 0.151 | 0.554 | 140.8 ± 1.7 | 0.503 | 0.640 | 141.3 ± 2.1 | 0.486 | 0.049 |
| Placebo | 20 | 140.6 ± | 141.6 ± 1.4 | 0.016 | 141.2 ± 1.6 | 0.083 | 141.7 ± 1.5 | 0.010 | ||||||
| Chloride (Cl) (mEq/L) | 98 - 108 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 103.9 ± 1.3 | 1.000 | 104.6 ± 2.0 | 0.735 | 0.126 | 104.0 ± 2.3 | 0.096 | 0.913 | 105.2 ± 2.0 | 1.000 | 0.006 |
| Placebo | 20 | 103.9 ± 1.7 | 104.8 ± 1.7 | 0.028 | 105.1 ± 1.8 | 0.013 | 105.2 ± 1.3 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Potassium (K) (mEq/L) | 3.5 - 5.0 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.459 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 0.166 | 0.605 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.458 | 0.753 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 0.408 | 0.217 |
| Placebo | 20 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 0.470 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 0.691 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 0.026 | ||||||
| Calcium (Ca) (mg/dL) | 8.4 - 10.4 | LC-Plasma | 20 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 0.816 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 0.743 | 0.357 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 0.251 | 0.597 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 0.780 | 0.500 |
| Placebo | 20 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 0.199 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 0.087 | 9.5 ± 0.4 | 0.814 |