Stakeholder

Organisation Type

Current Role

Public Authority of Agriculture and Fisheries (PAAF)

Government

· Provide subsidies for farmers directly in and indirectly in the form of (fertilisers, pesticides, services, vaccination, laboratory analysis, extension services etc).

· Participate in drafting, implementing, and enforcing food laws, regulations and food standards.

· Agriculture import/export Regulations.

Ministry of Commerce (MOC)

Government

· Participate in drafting, implementing, and enforcing food laws, regulations and food standards ( Alomirah et al., 2010 ).

Ministry of Health (MOH)

Government

· Participate in drafting, implementing, and enforcing food laws, regulations and food standards ( Alomirah et al., 2010 ).

· Preparation, anticipation, and prevention of health issues related to climate change ( EPA, 2019 ).

Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW)

Government

· Data collection.

· Monitoring and evaluating networks.

· Construction of new wells ( EPA, 2019 ).

· Technical assistance and training and education in the sector ( EPA, 2019 ).

· Subsidised electricity and water.

Kuwait Municipality (KM)

Government

· Participate in drafting, implementing, and enforcing food laws, regulations and food standards ( Alomirah et al., 2010 ).

Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research (KISR)

Government/ Private

· Participate in research services and projects (also collaborations with the UN, PAAF, PAI, KU and EPA).

· Education and technical training.

Kuwait University (KU)

Government

· Research services and projects.

· Education and technical training.

Public Authority of Industry

Government

· Standardization Committee

Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET)

Government

· Education and technical training.

Kuwait Environmental Protection Agency (KEPA)

Government

· Education and technical training.

· Laboratory analysis, extension services.

Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science (KFAS)

Private NGO

· Funds research institutions, scientists and projects, mainly Kuwait University and KISR.

United Nations (UN)/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

NGO

· Kyoto agreement -Primarily concerned with mitigating climate change by reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and sequestering it from the atmosphere ( Reiche, 2010 ; UNFCCC, 2009 ; Bättig et al., 2008 ; Behnassi et al., 2019 ).

· Habitat III (Food security and strengthening of urban-rural linkages for sustainable urban development ( FAO, 2017 ).

Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED)

NGO

· Periodical report on the state of the environment and natural resources in the Middle East.

· Discuss regional reports on environmental matters and investigate their impact on the process of sustainable development in the Middle East.