Fang Y. et al. 2017

To explore the antitumor effect of PV extract, and to study the roles of multiple oncogenes, and the microRNA miR-34a

Cell proliferation and viability were studied by MTT assay, and flow cytometry with annexin V/PI staining analysis. Colony formation assay was used to observe the formation of colonies. To examine the role of miR-34a in mediating the expression levels of the oncogenes, cells were treated with miR-34a inhibitor first, before they were examined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting to detect the expression levels of the oncogenes.

Colon carcinoma/ HCT-8 cells

miR-34a, Notch1, Notch2, Bcl-2.

Yang Y. et al. 2017

To examine the cytotoxic effect of hyperoside in PV on non-small cell lung cancer cells and to study its underlying mechanism

The cytotoxicity was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by flow cytometry with annexin V FITC/PI fluorometric test kit. Western blotting was used to identify the expression levels of associated proteins, and phosphorylation of MAPK. Western blotting was used to study the levels of the proteins, cytochrome c, caspase-3,9.

Non-small cell lung cancer/ A549 cells

p38 MAPK, JNK, cytochrome c, caspase-3,9.

Yin D.T. et al. 2017

To study the apoptotic effect of PV on well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma cells, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

The cell apoptosis was studied by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Morphological changes were observed by Hoechst 33342 and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. DNA gel electrophoresis was used to detect the ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression levels of Bcl-2/Bax and caspase-3.

well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma/ TPC-1 and FTC-133 cell lines.

Bcl, BAX, caspase-3

Zhao X. et al. 2017

To demonstrate the antitumor effect of a Chinese herbal formula, Ruanjian Sanjie decoction.

The study used an in vivo mice model, using Swiss albino mice and breast cancer xenografts in nude mice. The body weight loss, immune function toxicity or myelosuppression was measured. In vitro, cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The caspase activities were measured by Caspase-Glo 3/7 assay and Caspase-Glo 9 assay kits. The nuclear morphology was observed by Hoechst 33258 staining method. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI staining. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression levels of Bcl-2 and survivin, which were further studied by Western blotting.

breast cancer, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma/ MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells

Bcl-2, survivin

Zhou Y.M. et al. 2017

To isolate and purify the polar chemical compounds from PV. To explore the cytotoxicity of these compounds on cell lines.

The isolation and purification were done using silica gel, reverse-phase octadecylsilyl, and Sephadex LH-20 chromatographic methods. MCI and HPLC were then used. MS and NMR were used to elucidate the structures of the compounds. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay.

breast cancer/ MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cell lines.

N/A

Ahn E.Y. et al. 2018

To explore the efficiency of the 3 herbs selected (including PV) as reducing agent in the biofabrication of gold nanoparticles.

The efficiency in biofabrication was evaluated by measuring surface plasmon resonance at 530 nm, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis. The anti-oxidative power was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and the total phenolic content was found by Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. Cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by WST assay.

HT-29, PANC-1, MDA-MB-231

N/A