Cho I.H. et al 2015

To explore the effects of PV aqueous extract on epithelial-mesenchymal- transition

The extraction was done by boiling in water. Vacuum evaporation and lyophilization were applied to get the dry residue. Proliferation was done with MTT assay. Colony formation was detected by crystal violet staining. Western blotting and immuno-precipitation techniques were used to characterize the proteins. Cell migration assay and transwell assay were used to measure the cell migration and invasion.

MDA-MB-231, SKOV-3

vimentin, β-catenin, N-cadherin, NF-κB

Hao J. et al. 2016

To study the effects of polysaccharide from PV on breast carcinoma associated fibroblasts.

Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay and transwell migration assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression levels of the fibroblast growth factor bFGF.

breast carcinoma/ SKBr-3 cells

bFGF

Li C. et al. 2016

To report on the preparation method of PV polysaccharide-zinc complex by a facile method, and to explore its antiproliferative effect on hepatocellular carcinoma. The underlying mechanisms were also investigated.

The polysaccharide was extracted with hot water, fractionated and purified using fast flow columns DEAE-sepharose and Sephadex G-100. The polysaccharide-zinc complex was characterized by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, conductivity, SEM and FT-IR. The use of observation of morphological changes, chromatin condensation was used to detect the inhibition on proliferation. Cell viability and apoptosis was measured by MTT assay, flow cytometry, the Hoechst 33258 detection kit and annexin V-FITC kit. Cell cycle arrest was analyzed by flow cytometry.

Liver hepatocarcinoma/ HepG2 cells.

caspase-3 and -9

Su Y.C. et al. 2016

To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the suppression of MMP-9, inhibition of cell invasion and migration.

To investigate the differential expression levels of VEGF, MMP-9, AP-1, NF-κB, IκB by proteomic assays.

hepatocellular carcinoma/ Huh-7 and HA22T cells

VEGF, MMP-9, AP-1, NF-κB, IκB

Ba Y., Wang Y. 2017

To establish the method to determine the chlorogenic and caffeic acid contents in PV, and to investigate their antiproliferative effect.

HPLC was used to separate the chemical components of PV. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Morphological changes were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of c-myc.

thyroid cancer/ K1 cells

c-myc

Cohen, Z. et al. 2017

To compare, among 27 herbs surveyed, their sensitivity to induce ROS-mediated cytotoxicity in cancer cells by the herbs.

The inducing effects of the herbs to cause ROS-mediated cytotoxicity were measured by XTT assay. To distinguish between ROS-dependent and ROS-independent cytotoxic effects of herbs, the ROS scavenger pyruvate was also added to the medium to block the ROS-inducing effect.

10 different cancer cell lines: A549, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, DU-145, T24, PANC-1, SK-N-BE, 526mel and 624mel.

N/A