Feng,L. et al. 2010a

To examine the chemopreventive effects by 60% ethanol extract of PV to decrease morbidity and mortality of non-small cell lung cancer

Both in vivo and In vitro assays were used. Apoptosis was studied by MTT assays and by Annexin V-FITC kit. Cell cycle analysis by propidium iodide, and then flow cytometry. PV extract was done with reflux in 60% ethanol, 30% ethanol and water.

non-small cell lung cancer/ SPC-A-1 cells/ A/J mice

N/A

Feng,L. et al. 2010b

To examine the antioxidative effects of the 60% ethanol extract of PV. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth was also studied.

ABTS, TEAC, DPPH, and FRAP assay methods were used to study the anti-oxidative effect. C57BL/6 mice was used in in vivo test to study tumor growth. SOD activity and malondialdehyde contents in mouse serum were also examined to explore the antioxidative effect.

tumor in anterior limbs of C57BL/6 mice.

N/A

Liu X.K., Wang L. & Zhang M.Z., 2010

To characterise the effect of PV on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of Raji cells. The underlying mechanisms were also studied.

MTT and FCM assays were used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blotting was used to determine the phosphorylation of JNK, c-Jun, and expressions of caspase-3.

Lymphoma/ Raji cells

JNK, c-Jun, caspase-3

Xu,Y., et al., 2010

To study the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) from PV on the bone metastasis from breast carcinoma.

Western blotting and real-time qPCR were used to determine the mechanisms.

breast cancer/ MDAMB-231BO cancer cells, ST-2 murine bone marrow stromal cells

RANKL/RANK/osteoprotegerin pathway, IL-8

Xu Y. et al. 2010

To study the anti-invasion activity of rosmarinic acid (ra) from PV on colon carcinoma cells.

In vitro, the investigation was done using the wound healing assay, the adhesion assay and the Transwell assay. In vivo, the anti-tumor effect was measured by the tumor weight. Western blotting and qPCR was used to study the molecular mechanisms.

Colon carcinoma Ls174-T cells/ mice model

MMP-2,9, ERK

Feng L. et al. 2011

To study the effect of oleanolic acid (oa) from PV on lung adenocarcinoma

oa isolated from PV ethanol extract was identified by HPLC, HPTLC and LC-MS. Cell viability was tested by MTT assay; apoptosis was further studied by acridine orange-ethidium bromide fluorescence detection. Protein expressions were investigated by immunocytochemistry assays.

lung adenocarcinoma/ SPC-A-1 cells

Bax, Bad, Bcl-2

Lin W. et al. 2011

To investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of PV

In vitro, the proliferation wa studied by migration and tube formation assays of HUVECs. In vivo, the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay was used.

human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)/ HT-29 colon carcinoma cells

VEGF-A, VEGFR-2

Woo H.J. et al. 2011

To evaluate the apoptotic effect of an acid from PV on leukemia Jurkat cells

Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis and cell cycle. Mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspases were determined by Western blotting. Caspase-12 and caspase-3 activities were assayed using the fluorometric and colorimetric assay kits.

Leukemia/Jurkat cells

Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3,7,8,9