Feng,L. et al. 2010a | To examine the chemopreventive effects by 60% ethanol extract of PV to decrease morbidity and mortality of non-small cell lung cancer | Both in vivo and In vitro assays were used. Apoptosis was studied by MTT assays and by Annexin V-FITC kit. Cell cycle analysis by propidium iodide, and then flow cytometry. PV extract was done with reflux in 60% ethanol, 30% ethanol and water. | non-small cell lung cancer/ SPC-A-1 cells/ A/J mice | N/A |
Feng,L. et al. 2010b | To examine the antioxidative effects of the 60% ethanol extract of PV. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth was also studied. | ABTS, TEAC, DPPH, and FRAP assay methods were used to study the anti-oxidative effect. C57BL/6 mice was used in in vivo test to study tumor growth. SOD activity and malondialdehyde contents in mouse serum were also examined to explore the antioxidative effect. | tumor in anterior limbs of C57BL/6 mice. | N/A |
Liu X.K., Wang L. & Zhang M.Z., 2010 | To characterise the effect of PV on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of Raji cells. The underlying mechanisms were also studied. | MTT and FCM assays were used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blotting was used to determine the phosphorylation of JNK, c-Jun, and expressions of caspase-3. | Lymphoma/ Raji cells | JNK, c-Jun, caspase-3 |
Xu,Y., et al., 2010 | To study the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) from PV on the bone metastasis from breast carcinoma. | Western blotting and real-time qPCR were used to determine the mechanisms. | breast cancer/ MDAMB-231BO cancer cells, ST-2 murine bone marrow stromal cells | RANKL/RANK/osteoprotegerin pathway, IL-8 |
Xu Y. et al. 2010 | To study the anti-invasion activity of rosmarinic acid (ra) from PV on colon carcinoma cells. | In vitro, the investigation was done using the wound healing assay, the adhesion assay and the Transwell assay. In vivo, the anti-tumor effect was measured by the tumor weight. Western blotting and qPCR was used to study the molecular mechanisms. | Colon carcinoma Ls174-T cells/ mice model | MMP-2,9, ERK |
Feng L. et al. 2011 | To study the effect of oleanolic acid (oa) from PV on lung adenocarcinoma | oa isolated from PV ethanol extract was identified by HPLC, HPTLC and LC-MS. Cell viability was tested by MTT assay; apoptosis was further studied by acridine orange-ethidium bromide fluorescence detection. Protein expressions were investigated by immunocytochemistry assays. | lung adenocarcinoma/ SPC-A-1 cells | Bax, Bad, Bcl-2 |
Lin W. et al. 2011 | To investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of PV | In vitro, the proliferation wa studied by migration and tube formation assays of HUVECs. In vivo, the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay was used. | human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)/ HT-29 colon carcinoma cells | VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 |
Woo H.J. et al. 2011 | To evaluate the apoptotic effect of an acid from PV on leukemia Jurkat cells | Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis and cell cycle. Mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspases were determined by Western blotting. Caspase-12 and caspase-3 activities were assayed using the fluorometric and colorimetric assay kits. | Leukemia/Jurkat cells | Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3,7,8,9 |