Author/ Year

Primary objective

Study design

Cancer/Cell lines targetted/animal model

Proteins/ Genes targetted

Lee et al. 1988

To screen 36 herbs (with PV as one of them) to study their antimutagenic activity

To do the extraction, the crude herbs were put in hot water for 2 h to get the aqueous extract, and then lyophilized. The antimutagenic activities of the extract was characterized by a salmonella/liver microsomal test system.

N/A

N/A

Lee H. & Lin J.Y. 1988

To characterize the cytotoxicity of 3 herbs (with PV as one of them) against 6 different cancer cell lines.

The cell was treated by the methanol extract of PV, which was fractionated with hexane, CHCl3 and water. Different chemical components was separated by column chromatography on silica gel. The cell viability was measured by cell counting using a hemacytometer.

P-388, L-1210, A-549, KB, HCT-8, MCF-7

N/A

Ahn S.C. et al. 2003

To characterize rosmarinic acid as an inhibitor against Lck Src-homology 2 binding.

The inhibition effect of rosmarinic acid to inhibit cytokine expressions was characterized by immunochemical methods.

Jurkat cells, hmTpY324

IL-2

Zhang K.J. et al. 2006

To investigate the anti-lymphoma effect of PV.

The cell viability was tested by MTT assay. The cellular morphology was observed by the use of MTT with Giemas staining under a microscope. Immunocytochemical methods were used to study the proteomics.

Raji cells

Bcl-2/Bax

Gu X.J. et al. 2007

To establish the structures of the 11 chemical constituents isolated from PV, including 3 oleanane-skeleton triterpenoid saponins.

The structures of the chemical components were investigated by spectroscopic analysis, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR. The compounds were also tested for their inhibition activity against tumor growth by MTT assay.

SMMC-7721, MCF7, HeLa

N/A

Park S.H. et al. 2007

To investigate the structure-activity relationship of rosemarinic acid as an antagonist for the p56lck SH2 domain.

To synthesize several analogs of rosmarinic acid. The structures were purified by HPLC and identified by NMR. The synthesized compounds were tested for In vitro binding activity for the SH2 domain by using a competitive assay based on ELISA. T-cell inhibitory activity was measured by using the blocking of IL-2 gene activation, through the use of luciferase activity assay.

Jurkat cells

IL-2

Lee I.K. et al. 2008

To isolate the chemical compounds in PV. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines.

The compounds were extracted by methanol and separated by column chromatography. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines using the sulforhodamin B bioassay.

A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, HCT15.

N/A