Author/ Year | Primary objective | Study design | Cancer/Cell lines targetted/animal model | Proteins/ Genes targetted |
Lee et al. 1988 | To screen 36 herbs (with PV as one of them) to study their antimutagenic activity | To do the extraction, the crude herbs were put in hot water for 2 h to get the aqueous extract, and then lyophilized. The antimutagenic activities of the extract was characterized by a salmonella/liver microsomal test system. | N/A | N/A |
Lee H. & Lin J.Y. 1988 | To characterize the cytotoxicity of 3 herbs (with PV as one of them) against 6 different cancer cell lines. | The cell was treated by the methanol extract of PV, which was fractionated with hexane, CHCl3 and water. Different chemical components was separated by column chromatography on silica gel. The cell viability was measured by cell counting using a hemacytometer. | P-388, L-1210, A-549, KB, HCT-8, MCF-7 | N/A |
Ahn S.C. et al. 2003 | To characterize rosmarinic acid as an inhibitor against Lck Src-homology 2 binding. | The inhibition effect of rosmarinic acid to inhibit cytokine expressions was characterized by immunochemical methods. | Jurkat cells, hmTpY324 | IL-2 |
Zhang K.J. et al. 2006 | To investigate the anti-lymphoma effect of PV. | The cell viability was tested by MTT assay. The cellular morphology was observed by the use of MTT with Giemas staining under a microscope. Immunocytochemical methods were used to study the proteomics. | Raji cells | Bcl-2/Bax |
Gu X.J. et al. 2007 | To establish the structures of the 11 chemical constituents isolated from PV, including 3 oleanane-skeleton triterpenoid saponins. | The structures of the chemical components were investigated by spectroscopic analysis, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR. The compounds were also tested for their inhibition activity against tumor growth by MTT assay. | SMMC-7721, MCF7, HeLa | N/A |
Park S.H. et al. 2007 | To investigate the structure-activity relationship of rosemarinic acid as an antagonist for the p56lck SH2 domain. | To synthesize several analogs of rosmarinic acid. The structures were purified by HPLC and identified by NMR. The synthesized compounds were tested for In vitro binding activity for the SH2 domain by using a competitive assay based on ELISA. T-cell inhibitory activity was measured by using the blocking of IL-2 gene activation, through the use of luciferase activity assay. | Jurkat cells | IL-2 |
Lee I.K. et al. 2008 | To isolate the chemical compounds in PV. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. | The compounds were extracted by methanol and separated by column chromatography. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines using the sulforhodamin B bioassay. | A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, HCT15. | N/A |