CARREFOUR

MARQUE REPERE

MONOPRIX

R² (Bootstrap―500)

0.768

0.711

0.772

Average of variance extracted

0.581

0.606

0.502

Goodness of Fit after bootstrap (absolute and relative)

0.655 and 0.839

0.638 and 0.811

0.612 and 0.802

Components increasing loyalty―key factors of the created value

1) Store service

2) Perceived price

3) Perceived quality

4) Financial benefits

1) Store service

2) Decision-making benefits

3) Financial benefits

4) Perceived price

1) Store service

2) Financial benefits

3) Decision-making benefits

4) Packaging

Carrefour model

Loyalty rate = 4.32/5 (obtained by Likert scale means on each construct)

44.7% store service % + 26.2% perceived price + 13.4% perceived quality + 12.7% financial benefits + 4.4% decision-making benefits + 2.3% packaging.

Marque Repère model

Loyalty rate = 3.18/5 (obtained by Likert scale means on each construct)

41% store service + 39.3% decision-making benefits + 12.5% financial benefits + 11.5% perceived price − 7.1% perceived quality − 3.9% packaging.

Monoprix model

Loyalty rate = 3.27/5 (obtained by Likert scale means on each construct)

53.7% store service + 20.3% financial benefits + 16% decision-making benefits + 15.8% packaging + 15.6% perceived quality − 22.3% perceived price.