Exposure

Control (n = 492)

Cases (n = 246)

OR

p-value

Complications occurred during labour

High blood pressure

29.30

42.30

2.4 (1.6 - 3.6)

<0.001

Convulsions

4.50

11.00

2.8 (1.5 - 5.2)

0.001

Fever

16.10

28.50

2.4 (1.6 - 3.6)

<0.001

Excessive bleeding

5.50

12.60

2.8 (1.6 - 5.1)

0.001

Prolonged/difficult labour

13.8

37.0

5.2 (3.3 - 8.3)

<0.001

Breech delivery

1.6

10.2

6.2 (2.8 - 13.8)

<0.001

Cord around child’s neck

2.2

4.1

2 (0.8 - 5)

0.13

Place of delivery

Home

42.1

33.3

1

Hospital

57.9

66.7

1.6 (1.1 - 2.4)

0.009

Last movement in the womb

During labour or delivery

98.4

93.5

1

At least one or two day prior to delivery

1.2

5.3

4.9 (1.7 - 13.9)

0.003

Pregnancy ends up

Early

3.7

17.9

5.4 (2.9 - 10)

<0.001

In time

88.0

72.8

1

Late

7.9

8.9

1.5 (0.8 - 2.7)

0.21

Labour type

Spontaneous without medication

62.0

51.6

1

Induced with medicine

9.1

12.2

1.3 (0.7 - 2.4)

0.42

Augmented with medicine

28.9

36.2

2.2 (1.4 - 3.4)

0.001

Timing of breakage of water bag

Before labour

4.3

8.1

2.8 (1.2 - 6.5)

0.014

During labour

95.6

91.8

1

Length of delivery and labor

Less than 12 hours

93.1

80.9

1

Twelve hours or more

6.7

19.1

4.3 (2.4 - 7.5)

<0.001

Outcome of delivery

Singleton

98.8

95.9

1

Multiple

1.2

4.1

1 (0.9 - 1.1)

0.63