Authors

Definition

Bateman & Organ, 1983: p. 589

“Behaviors and actions beneficial to the organization that cannot be imposed by formal role obligations or prompted by a contractual guarantee of reward.”

Organ, 1988: p. 4

“Individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that overall promotes the effective functioning of the organization.”

Van Dyne, Graham, & Dienesch, 1994: p. 766

“OCB includes all organizationally positive and relevant behaviors of individual members of the organization.”

Organ, 1997: p. 95

“OCB is a performance that supports the social and psychological environment in which the task takes place.”

Organ, Podsakoff, & MacKenzie, 2006: p. 65

“OCB consists of contributions that are neither mandated by the job description nor contractually rewarded.”

Agarwal, 2016: p. 975

“OCB involves going beyond the functions of the role and the minimum required tasks, which differentiates it from role performance.”