| Latent variables | Explicit variables |
| Innovative talent | Engagement |
| Innovative results | |
| Creative self-efficacy | Creative finished product |
| Creative thinking | |
| Creative confidence | |
| Ability to work under pressure | |
| School education | Innovative practice |
| Classmate help | |
| Teacher guidance | |
| Teacher knowledge development | |
| Social resources | Online learning |
| National policy | |
| Social tolerance | |
| Innovative personality tendency | Motivation to learn |
| Aspirational | |
| Divergent thinking | |
| Learning efficiency |