frequency factor (1/s)

concentration of the reactant “A” in water (mol/m³)

specific heat capacity (J/(kg×K))

d

characteristic length (m)

diffusivity of the reactant “A” in water (m²/s)

activation energy (J/mol)

heat of reaction (J/mol)

thermal conductivity (J/(m×K×s))

reaction rate constant (1/s)

N

number of nodes for each biquadratic element

p

pressure (N/m²)

expelled energy (J/(m³・s))

reaction rate (mol/(m³・s))

Re

Reynolds number

gas constant (J/(mol・K))

nonlinear residual equations

t

time (s)

fluid temperature (K)

average temperature (K)

rods temperature (K)

inlet reactant fluid temperature (K)

Re

Reynolds number

x and y components of dimensional velocities, respectively (m/s)

inlet reactant fluid velocity (m/s)

natural coordinates

density (kg/m³)

dynamic viscosity (N×s/m²)

domain of element e

penalty parameter

k element shape function