Traditional participation

Online participation

Cross-section

Change

Cross-section

Change

White

−.06

−.01

.04

−.01

Age

.10^**

.02

.02

.08^*

Female

.10^**

−.01

−.05

.05

Education

.04

.03

.03

.02

Income

.06

.12^***

.06

.10^**

South

−.02

−.02

.00

−.02

Battleground state

.03

.06^*

−.02

−.01

Conservative

.09

−.03

.09^*

−.02

Ideological strength

.08^*

.03

.07

.01

Republican

−.02

.00

−.04

.02

Partisan strength

.05

.07^*

−.01

.06

Conservative media

.00

.03

−.03

.03

Progressive media

.12^*

.07

.09^*

.10^*

Print news

.00

−.07

−.08^*

.03

Web news

.05

−.03

.24^***

.01

Network TV news

−.09^*

.01

−.06

−.05

TV news analysis

.12^**

.07

.14^***

.02

Liberal blogs

.19^***

.10^*

.24^***

.13^***

Conservative blogs

.01

.05

.16^***

.09^*

March participation

.46^***

.48^***

R²

14.0%^***

34.1%^***

32.8%^***

44.6%^***