Technology

Advantages

Disadvantages

Developers/Licensors

POX

Feed stock desulfurization not required

Very high process operating temperature

Usually requires oxygen plant

Texaco Inc. and Royal Dutch/Shell

SMR

Most extensive industrial experience

Oxygen not required, lowest process operating temperature

Best H2/CO ratio for production of liquid fuels.

Highest air emissions More costly than POX and auto-thermal reformers Recycling of CO and removal of the excess hydrogen by means of membranes

Haldor Topsoe AS, Foster Wheeler Corp, Lurgi AG, International BV, Kinetics Technology and Uhde GmbH

ATR

Lowest process temperature requirement than POX. Syngas methane content can be tailored by adjusting reformer outlet temperature

Limited commercial experience

Usually requires oxygen plant

Lurgi, Haldor Topsoe

DMR

Green house gas CO2 can be consumed instead of releasing into atmosphere Almost 100% of CO2 conversion

Formation of coke on catalyst. Additional heat is required as the reaction takes place at 873 K

Carbon Sciences

CSDR

Best H2/CO ratio for production of liquid fuels Coke deposition drastically reduced.

Separation of un-reacted methane from SMR syngas. Project installation cost.

Midrex Process

TMR

Directly using flue gases, rather than pre separated and purified CO2 from flue gases. Over 95% of methane and 80% CO2 conversion can be achieved

Usually requires oxygen plant.

Low H2/CO ratio ratios limit its large-scale application for F-T & MeOH synthesis

Haldor

Topsoe AS