Variables | Stationarity in Level | Decisions | |||
Levin-Lin-Chu | Perron | ||||
Stat. IPS | Val reviews | Stat. Peron | Val. review | ||
Trade openness | 0.5124 | 0.6958 | 0.6359 | 0.7367 | I (0) Stationary |
ATMS | −6.6046 | 0.0000* | −9.7938 | 0.0000* | I (0) Stationary |
FinancDev | 0.8530 | 0.8032 | 0.8199 | 0.7927 | Non-stationary |
Exchange term | −5.4877 | 0.0000* | −7.5375 | 0.0000* | I (0) Stationary |
FID | −4.3362 | 0.0000* | −6.0506 | 0.0000* | I (0) Stationary |
GDP | 0.5133 | 0.6961 | −0.0044 | −04983 | I (0) Stationary |
Evolmon | −8.8724 | 0.0000* | −12.8759 | 0.0000* | I (0) Stationary |
Poprur | 9.8323 | 1.0000 | 2.5717 | 0.9937 | Non-stationary |