Methods

Within dimension (panel statistics)

Between dimension (individuals statistics)

Test

Statistique

Prob

Test

Statistique

Prob

Pedroni (1996)

Panel v−statistic

−3.653972

0.9999

Group ρ−statistic

−6.6690 ***

0.0000

Panel rho−statistic

−7.910 ***

0.0000

Group pp−statistic

−10.878***

0.0000

Panel PP−statistic

−11.148***

0.0000

Group ADF−statistic

−1.095872

0.1366

Panel ADF−statistic

−1.625178*

0.0521

Pedroni (2004) (Weighted statistic)

Panel v−statistic

−3.654024

0.9999

Panel rho−statistic

−7.6794***

0.0000

Panel PP−statistic

−10.176***

0.0000

Panel ADF−statistic

−3.0392***

0.0012