Null: Unit Root

Null: NO Unit Root

Methods

Levin, Lin andChu (LLC)

Breitung t-stat

Im, Pesaran And Shin (IPS) W-stat

MW – ADF FisherChi- square

MW – PP FisherChi- square

Hadri Z-stat

Heteroscedastic consistent Z-stat

Variables

Level

Log ENR

−0.58547 (0.2791)

−0.86527

(0.1934)

−0.28302 (0.3867)

10.9294 (0.5350)

14.1294 (0.2995)

6.30638*** (0.0000)

4.28922*** (0.0000)

Log PIB

0.32908 (0.6290)

0.35172 (0.6375)

1.10111 (0.8646)

5.51230 (0.9386)

6.51064 (0.8882)

6.69188*** (0.0000)

6.24581***

(0.0000)

Log IDE

−8.013*** (0.0000)

2.05532 (0.9801)

−5.27*** (0.0000)

76.01*** (0.0000)

8.55573 (0.7403)

4.051*** (0.0000)

6.55***

(0.0000)

Log CO₂

−0.45952 (0.3229)

−0.56528 (0.2859)

0.04794 (0.5191)

9.95158 (0.6202)

12.2761 (0.4238)

6.73***

(0.0000)

4.82***

(0.0000)

Log POP

−4.36020 (0.3206)

1.39135 (0.9179)

−1.415* (0.0785)

16.7607 (0.1588)

37.59*** (0.0000)

3.41656*** (0.0003)

2.19112

(0.0142)

Log INTE

−3.558*** (0.0002)

−2.71*** (0.0033)

−2.65*** (0.0039)

27.08*** (0.0075)

47.03*** (0.0000)

6.05840*** (0.0000)

4.45178*** (0.0000)

First difference

Δ Log ENR

−8.909*** (0.0000)

−9.65*** (0.0000)

−11.4*** (0.0000)

120.84*** (0.0000)

213.7*** (0.0000)

1.04087

(0.1490)

1.27951

(0.1004)

Δ Log PIB

−5.80*** (0.0000)

−3.09*** (0.0010)

−5.93*** (0.0000)

55.78*** (0.0000)

115.09*** (0.0000)

1.52939* (0.0631)

0.43618

(0.3314)

Δ Log IDE

−6.134*** (0.0000)

−0.41770 (0.3381)

−10.2*** (0.0000)

109.28*** (0.0000)

31.85*** (0.0015)

−1.09847 (0.8640)

2.04999**

(0.0202)

Δ Log CO₂

−6.49*** (0.0000)

−9.73794 (0.2836)

−11.7*** (0.0000)

124.9*** (0.0000)

213.0*** (0.0000)

1.19004

(0.1170)

1.59743*

(0.0551)

Δ Log POP

−4.729*** (0.0000)

−3.31***(0.0005)

−11.4*** (0.0000)

120.9*** (0.0000)

167.5*** (0.0000)

3.334*** (0.0004)

5.293***

(0.0000)

Δ Log INTE

−12.6*** (0.0000)

−6.07*** (0.0000)

−13.5*** (0.0000)

148.4*** (0.0000)

367.8*** (0.0000)

5.323*** (0.0000)

10.98***

(0.0000)