| Variables | Measurement |
| ES | Ratio of employment in service to manufacturing |
| Int | Internet technology level calculated by Solow residual method in Section 1 |
| Wage | Log of the average annual wage in urban areas |
| Hum_cap | Proportion of the population with a college degree or above in total population |
| Inv | Ratio of total investment in fixed assets to total GDP |
| Urb | Proportion of urban population to total population |
| Gov_exp | Ratio of local fiscal expenditure to total GDP |